CIS 375 Week 2 Assingment Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

CIS 375 Week 2 Assingment - Assignment Example The section below provides a comparison between the metaphors used in the two interfaces. Metaphors are a basis for the interaction and communication between the user and the computer. According to Carroll, Mack, & Kellogg (2007), applications utilizing menu driven screen have metaphors such as mouse pointers and cursors to indicate the motion of the mouse on the screen. This metaphor has been replaced all together on the multi-touch screen interface. The mouse driven interfaces are operated by dragging the cursor on the screen and effecting commands by clicking. Underling concepts of the application are presented in form of icons for a user to understand. Both the mouse driven and multi-touch screens use icons to represent underlying application concepts (Carroll et al, 2007). For instance the recycle bin is used to represent deleted items. Mouse driven screen interface uses the desktop metaphor which is a unifying concept that helps users to easily use a computer. The desktop metaphor treats the computer monitor as the user’s interaction point. Here, objects such as documents, files, folders and other accessories are placed. On the other hand the multi-touch screens use the home metaphor where all applications can be accessed by the user. In other applications that use both the mouse driven and multi touch screens both the home screen and the desktop metaphors can be used (Carroll et al, 2007). Multi-touch screens allow moving layered views to allow the user to view content beneath them; the screen also uses swiping as a way of viewing different windows. Additionally, the interface uses the dragging, flicking and swiping objects on the screen. This is common when playing games and performing other basic tasks (Carroll et al, 2007). The mouse driven screen will perform this tasks using the minimizing and maximizing option on the window. This interface also utilizes the dragging metaphor for movement of objects on

Constitutional Law Essay Example for Free

Constitutional Law Essay Constitutional Law May be deemed elusive and immaterial when the constitutions in Consideration are either dead, hogwash and unrealistic. Critically analyze the above statement using relevant case law and statutory provisions. In looking at the above statement, I will attempt to define constitution, Constitution Law and constitutionalism and try to look into how the governments of the world especially Africa and the West, more specifically Kenya and the United states of America have tried to uphold constitutionalism and on the other hand how lack of it has brought the disregard of the constitutions by in most cases, the ruling elites and hence the statement† Constitutional Law May be deemed elusive and immaterial when the constitutions in Consideration are either dead, hogwash and unrealistic†. A constitution is a set of laws either written or unwritten that govern the relationship between the different organs of a government that is the Executive, Judiciary and the Legislature and the relationship between the government and the governed in a given state or country. This is the supreme law of any given state. Constitutional Law is that branch of law that governs and guides constitutional interpretation and implementation as well as sets down the relationship between different entities of a state namely the executive, the legislature and the judiciary. It is essentially a body of law derived from a countrys written constitution that lays down and guides the duties and powers of the government, and the duties and rights of its citizens and residents. All States can be said to have some form of norm that governs the relationship between the arms of the government and a government and its people, however the problem comes in in implementation of the said norms.

Taxonomy and Biogeography of the Genus Colura

Taxonomy and Biogeography of the Genus Colura Jiroat Sanngrattanaprasert   English: Taxonomy and biogeography of the genus Colura (Dumort.) Dumort. (Lejeuneaceae, Marchantiophyta) in Tropical East Asia Introduction Colura (Dumort.) Dumort. was coined by Dumortier (1835) in Recueil dObservations sur les Jungermanniacà ©es and C. calyptrifolia (Hook.) Dumort. was used as a holotype. This genus belongs to Lejeuneaceae, which is the largest family of the liverworts (Gradstein, 2013). The Colura was found in all Floristic regions except USA (Fig. 1), comprising 76 taxa, of which 39 endemic taxa are also reported. Tropical East Asia is the region where Pà ³cs (1996) had reported the highest number, both total and endemic, of taxa in the area. Species of Colura are typically recognized by their leaf morphology; the presence of lobules forming an apical sac with an aperture mechanism consisting of a valve and a hinge. This sac varies greatly in sizes and shapes, and may function a water retention and in some species as zoophagy (Barthlott et al., 2000). Most species of Colura can be considered being epiphyllous, but many of them can occur likewise on small twigs. Colura species grow in well-illuminated sites from the lowlands to about 4,000 m above sea level. A few species (e.g. C. ornithocephala) of this genus, especially those from high montane habitats, were never observed on leaves, but seem to inhabit exclusively on thin twigs or sometimes on the bark of thicker tree trunks. (Pà ³cs, 1996; Heinrichs et al., 2012). Two critically endangered Colura species (C. heimii Jovet-Ast and C. obesa Jovet-Ast) found in Rà ©union Island, where is the largest island of the Mascarene Archipelago in the western Indian Ocean, were listed in IUCN Red List (Ah-Peng et al., 2012). In addition, Gradstein, Raeymaekers and Churchill (2000) reported common taxa such C. clavigera be as an indicator of undisturbed rainforest in Tropical America (including Mexico). Tropical East Asia region consists Myanmar, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei, the Philippines, Western Indonesia, Southern China (north to 30 °N), plus the Ryukyu Islands of Japan and the Andaman as well as Nicobar Islands of India. (Corlett, 2009) Fig. 1. Floristic regions where epiphyllous bryophyte occur. USA: The SE part of United States. MEA: Mesoamerica from Mexico to Panama. ANT: The Antilles. GUI: Guyanas, including the Venezuelan and Brasilian parts of Guyana Highlands. LSA: Amazonia and other lowland parts of South America, such as Choco and the Orinoco basin. SBR: The southeastern highlands of Brazil, with Paraguay and the Province Misiones in Argentina. AND: The Andes. TSA: Temperate South America. MAC: Macaronesia (excluding Cape Verde Islands). WAF: West Afirica from Guinea to the Congo. CAF: Central Africa including Zaire, Rwanda and Burundi. EAF: East Africa from Ethiopia to Mozambique. SAF: South Africa. MAD: Madagascar and the Seychelles, Comoro and Mascarene Islands. IND: India with the Himalayas, Khasia Hills (but excluding Andaman and Nicobar Islands) and lowland Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. OAS: East Asia including China, Taiwan, South Korea and Southern Japan with the Ryukyu Islands. ICH: Indochina from Chit tagong Hills of Bangladesh to Vietnam. MAL: The Malesian Archipelago including the Andaman and Nicobar Islands and the Malay Peninsula but excluding West Irian. MEL: Malanesia, including the whole New Guinea, New Britain, the Bismarck and Solomon Islands, New Hebrides and New Caledonia. AUA: Australasia, including Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand and the neighboring islands. OCE: Oceania, the Pacific from Volcano and the Carolines to Hawaiian Islands and from Fiji to Easter Islands (Pà ³cs, 1996). The Hypothesis of Work How many species of the genus Colura (Dumort.) Dumort. are there in Tropical East Asia? This Present Work Mainly Aims 1. To investigate morphology, ecology and distribution of all taxa of the genus Colura on Tropical East Asia 2. To enumerate taxa account and accepted names of Colura in Tropical East Asia Expect Results 1. The description, ecological data and distribution patterns of all taxa of the genus Colura on Tropical East Asia will be provided. 2. The synoptic account of Colura species will be enumerated. Literature review Checklists in Asia Herzog (1921) investigated liverworts in Moluccan Island, Indomalaya. Two Colura species was found, viz. C. brevistyla Herz. and C. javanica Steph., the first one was the new to science. Mizutani (1961) revision studied of Lejeuneaceae in Japan, Colura tenuicornis and C. meijeri were found. Description, key to species and illustration were added. Kitagawa (1969) collected hepatic plants from Penang, Malaysia. Two species of Colura was reported, viz. C. acutifolia Jovet-Ast and C. corynephora (Nees) Trev. Pà ³cs and Ninh (2005) collected the hepatic plants from Vu Quang Nature Reserve in central Vietnam and found Colura brevistyla Herz. as be as a new record to Indochina, furthermore, C. corynephora (Nees) Trev. as well was listed in this record. Zhu (2006) reported a checklist of liverwort, hornwort and takakiophytes from China, of which seven taxa of Colura (C. acroloba, C. ari, C. conica, C. corynephora, C. inuii, C. karstenii and C. tenuicornis) were listed. Lai, Zhu and Chantanaorrapint (2008) reported an updated checklist of liverwort and hornwort in Thailand. Among the account there are 6 species of Colura, viz. C. acroloba (Mont. ex Steph.) Ast, C. conica (Sande Lac.) K.I. Goebel, C. corynephora (Nees et al.) Trevis., C. siamensis Jovet-Ast, C. superba and C. tixieri. Sà ¶derstrà ¶m, Gradstein and Hagborg (2010) reported 15 taxa of Colura in Java, including 12 taxa that be a good species or accepted except 3 taxa (C. denticulata Jovet-Ast, C. imperfecta Steph. and C. junghuhniana (Steph.) Steph.) that be probably a good species. Chuah-Petiot (2011) listed the account and phytogeographical data of liverworts and hornworts of all states in Malaysia. Seventeen species of Colura were found and enumerated. Wang, Lai and Zhu (2011) updated checklist and floristic accounts of liverworts as well as hornworts in Taiwan. The present list contains 512 species of liverwort belonging to 116 genera in 52 families, including three taxa of Colura (viz. C. acroloba (Mont. ex Steph.) Jovet-Ast, C. inuii Horik. and C. tenuicornis (Evans) Steph.) Dey Singh (2012) investigated epiphyllous liverworts of Eastern Himalaya, which Colura tenuicornis was reported in this study. Pà ³cs (2012) have small collected epiphyllous liverworts from Laos, which Colura tenuicornis (Evans) Steph. was reported with this list. Pà ³cs and Ninh (2012) reported epiphyllous liverworts from Cà ¡t Tià ªn National Park of Southern Vietnam. They found 21 species including two species of Colura, viz. C. conica (Sande Lac.) Goebel and C. ornata Goebel, the latter was a new to Vietnam. Pà ³cs (2013) investigated the genus Colura in New Guinea and in neighboring areas. This paper based on the collection made in 1981 by a joint expedition of the University of Helsinki and the Humboldt State University of Arcata and on other collections, there are 25 species present. The phytogeographical evaluation of all species was provided. The description and illustration of four new to science species (C. koponenii, C. medusa, C. mizu-tanii and C. norrisii) were equipped. Furthermore, he as well treated C. simplicior Jovet-Ast (1983) to be a synonym of C. denticulata. Jovet-Ast (1954). Pà ³cs, Luong and Ho (2013) examined epiphyllous liverworts in Bidoup-Nà ºi Bà   National Park, Vietnam. Among the 125 samples containing 43 species belong to Lejeunea-ceae, both Colura acroloba (Mont. ex Steph.) and C. superba (Mont.) were found. These two species distribute particularly in Giang Ly station, where the altitude is 1481-1500 m a.s.l. Checklists in Oceania Thiers (1987) reported ten taxa of Colura in Australia, viz. C. acroloba (Mont.) Steph., C. ari Steph., C. australiensis Jovest-Ast, C. bisvoluta Herz. et Jovet-Ast, C. conica (Sande Lac.) Goeb., C. crispiloba Jovest-Ast, C. pulcherrima var. bartlettii Jovet-Ast, C. queenslandica B. Thiers, C. saccophylla Hodgs. et Herz. and C. simplicior Jovet-Ast. Among them, three species (C. acroloba, C. ari and C. conica) were first reportedly seen according to this investi-gation, especially C. queenslandica sp. nov. was new to science. A key to all ten taxa was provided. Moreover she additionally validate Colura sect. Lingua Jovet-Ast ex Thiers. Pà ³cs and Streimann (2006) collected five taxa of Colura, viz. C. apiculata (Schiffn.) Steph., C. leratii (Steph.) Steph., C. crispiloba Jovet-Ast, C. ornata Goebel and C. queenslan-dica Thiers in Queensland, New South Wales, and Victoria states as well as the Austral Capital Territory. Pà ³cs and Eggers (2007) investigated ten species of Colura from the Fiji archipelago. Three new to Fiji (C. crispiloba Jovet-Ast, C. cristata Jovet-Ast and C. queenslandica Thiers) as well as C. vitiensis Pà ³cs et Eggers which was a new to science were added in this paper. The photograph and illustration of some species and together with dichotomous key to all species were provided. Pà ³cs et al. (2011) reported Colura brevistyla Herz. and C. tenuicornis (Evans) Staph. be as new record taxa for the Fiji Islands. C. acroloba also was listed in extended distribution records from new islands within Fiji. Sà ¶derstrà ¶m et al. (2011) accounted the checklist of liverworts and hornworts of Fiji, including the islands Viti Levu, Vanua Levu, Taveuni, Kadavu, Ovalau and surrounding smaller islands. The checklist of 14 species which belong to genus Colura were provided; furthermore the synonymous data were enumerated. Checklists in Amarica Engel (1978) had taxonomically and phytogeographically studied of Hepaticae and Anthocerotae in Brunswick Peninsula, Chile. Reportedly, three species of Colura were found, viz. C. calyptrifolia (Hook.) Dumort., C. naumannii (Schiffn.) Steph. and C. patagonica Jovet-Ast. Dauphin et al. (1998) reported Colura verdoornii Herz. et Jovet-Ast as new to Costa Rica, Tropical America. This species was previously known from Malaysia and Borneo, but it probably has a pantropical distribution, but not been reported from Africa. Checklists in Africa Jones and Harrington (1983) reported phytogeographical data of hepatic plant in Sierra Leone and Ghana, of those taxa, three species of Colura (C. digitaris (Mitten) Steph., C. dusenii (Steph.) Steph. and C. tenuicornis (Evans) Steph.) were included. Pà ³cs (1993) found new Colura from Comoro Archipelago and coin it as C. hattoriana Pà ³cs in this paper, including description, type specimens, illustration and note. Fischer (1999) reported five species of Colura from Aberdare mountain, Kenya, viz. C. berghenii Jovet-Ast, C. calyptri-folia (Hook.) Dumort., C. hedbergiana Pà ³cs, C. tenuicornis (Evans) Steph. and C. zoophaga Fischer, the latter species was a new to science. Wigginton (2001) investigated about habitat and location for 64 taxa that belong to Leajeuneaceae in Mulanje Mountain, Malawi. There are four Colura spp. which was reported in this investigation, viz. C. calyptrifolia , C. digitalis, C. tenuicornis and C. usambarica. Chuah-Petiot and Pà ³cs (2003) treated Colura zoophaga Fischer (1999) to be a synonym of C. kilimanjarica Pà ³cs et Jovet-Ast which they was found in same place, Aber-dare Mountain, Kenya and in addition they grew together on the twig of Cliffortia nitidula (Chuah-Petiot and Pà ³cs, 2003; Fischer, 1999). Mà ¼ller and Pà ³cs (2007) investigated epiphyllous bryophyte of Bioko Island (Equatorial Guinea), biogeography of three species of Colura (viz. C. calderae Pà ³cs, C. digitalis (Mitt.) Steph. and C. hattoriana Pà ³cs, which the first one was a new to science) were provided. Wigginton (2009) investigated liverworts and hornworts of sub-Saharan Africa, including the East African Islands. There are 22 taxa of Colura were reported; moreover, synonymous taxa as well were enumerated. Hylander, Pà ³cs and Nemomissa (2010) reported Colura digitalis (Mitt.) Steph. and C. tenuicornis (Mitt.) Steph. from southwest Ethiopian montane forests, in addition, ecological and biogeography were included. Pà ³cs (2010) reported new bryophyte taxa in Mayotte Island, among them, Colura heimii Jovet-Ast was included. Pà ³cs (2011) reported four species of Colura, viz. C. calderae Pà ³cs, C. digitalis (Mitten) Steph., C. tenuicornis (Evan) Steph. and C. thomeensis Pà ³cs in Sà £o Tomà © island. Among them, C. calderae was a new to Sà £o Tomà © and C. thomeensis was a new to science. Morphological characters Pà ³cs (2012) investigated morphological character of leafy liverworts and found endogenous gemma in Cololejeunea bifalcata Pà ³cs, C. crateris Pà ³cs, Colura calderae Pà ³cs and Co. vitiensis Pà ³cs et J. Eggers Research Method 1. Literature to which the previous investigations releveant will be revised. 2. Morphological study based on field trip specimens and herbarium specimens, description concerning vegetative part and reproductive part will be investigated in Bryology laboratory, PSU Herbarium, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University. 3. Illustrations of each taxa found in this investigation will be provided. 4. Hard copy format will be publicized. The Research Period Three years in the Ph.D. course period. References Ah-Peng, C., Bardat, J., Pà ³cs, T., Sà ¶derstrà ¶m, L., Stamà ©noff, P. and Strasberg, D. 2012. Red List of liverworts and hornworts for Rà ©union (Mascarene archipelago). Phytotaxa 68: 1-23. Barthlott, W., Fischer, E., Frahm, J.-P. and Seine, R. 2000. First experimental evidence for zoophagy in the hepatic Colura. Plant Biology 2 (1): 93-97. Chuah-Petiot, M.S. 2011. A checklist of hepaticae and anthocerotae of Malaysia. Polish Botanical Journal 56 (1): 1-44. Chuah-Petiot, M.S. and Pà ³cs, T. 2003. East African Bryophytes XIX. a contribution to the Bryflora of Kenya. Acta Botanica Hungarica 45 (1-2): 53-64. Corlett, R.T. 2010. The Ecology of Tropical Asia. Oxford University Press Inc., New York. Dauphin, G., Gradstein, S.Rob., Bernecker-Là ¼cking, A. and Morales, M.I. 1998. Additions to the hepatic flora of Costa Rica II. Lindbergia 23: 74-80. Dey, M. and Singh, D.K. 2012. Epiphyllous Liverworts of Eastern Himalaya. St. Joseph’s Press, Triruvananthapuram. Dumortier, B.C. 1835. Jungermanniacà ©es: Fascicule I.- Rà ©vision des genres. Imprimerie de J.-A. Blanquart., Tournay. Engel, J.J. 1978. A taxonomic and phytogeographic study of Brunswick Peninsula (Strait of Magellan) Hepaticeae and Anthocerotae. Fieldiana Botany 41: 247-248. Fischer, E. 1999. A new soecies of Colura (Lejeuneaceae) from the Aberdare Mountains/ Kenya. Tropical Bryology 16: 205-208. Gradstein, S.R. 2013. A classification of Lejeuneaceae (Marchantiophyta) based on molecular and morphological evidence. Phytotaxa 100 (1): 6-20. Heinrichs, J., Dong, S., Yu, Y., Schà ¤fer-Verwimp, A., Pà ³cs, T, Feldberg, K., Hentschel, J., Schmidt, A.R. and Schneider, H. 2012. A 150 year-old mystery solved: Transfer of the rheophytic endemic liverwort Myriocolea irrorata to Colura. Phytotaxa 66: 55-64. Herzog, Th. 1921. Die Lebermoose der 2 Freiburger Molukkenexpeditionen und einige neue Arten der engeren Indomalaya. In: Botanischen Centralblatt. G. Regierungsrat. pp. 318-332. Verlag von C. Heinrieh Dresden N. Hylander, K., Pà ³cs, T. and Nemomissa, S. 2010. Liveworts of southwest Ethiopian montane forests: ecological and biogeographical notes. Journal of Bryology 32: 92-100. Jones, E.W. and Harrington, A.J. 1983. The Hepatics of Sierra Leone and Ghana. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) 11 (3): 215-289. Kitagawa, N. 1969. A small collection of Hepaticae from Penang, Malaysia. Bulletin of Nara University of Education 18 (2): 27-43. Lai, M.J., Zhu, R.L. and Chantanaorrapint, S. 2008. Liverworts and horworts of Thailand: an updated checklist and bryofloristic accounts. Annales Botanici Fennici 45: 321-341. Mizutani, M. 1961. A revision of Japanese Lejeuneaceae. Journal of the Hattori Botanical Laboratory: Devoted to Bryology 24: 235-237. Mà ¼ller, F. and Pà ³cs, T. 2007. A contribution to the knowledge of epiphyllous bryophytes of Bioko Island (Equatorial Guinea), including additional remarks on non-epiphyllous species. Journal of Bryology 29: 81-94. Pà ³cs, T. 1993. New or little known epiphyllous liverworts, IV. two new Cololejeuneoideae from the Comoro Archipelago. Journal of the Hattori Botanical Laboratory 74: 45-57. Pà ³cs, T. 1996. Epiphyllous liverwort diversity at worldwide level and its threat and conservation. Anales del Instituto de Biologia de la Universidad Nacional Autà ³noma de Mà ©xico, Serie Botanica 67 (1): 109-127. Pà ³cs, T. 2010. East African bryophytes, XXVI. new records from Mayotte (Maore) Island (French Comoro). Acta Bryologica Asiatica 3: 105-114. Pà ³cs, T. 2011. New or little known epiphyllous liverworts, XIV. the genus Colura (Lejeuneaceae) in Sà £o Tomà © Island, with the description of Colura thomeensis sp. nov. The Bryologist 114 (2): 362-366. Pà ³cs, T. 2012. Endogenous gemmae in certain Lejeuneaceae (Marchaniophyta). The International Journal of Plant Reproductive Biology 4 (2): 101-105. Pà ³cs, T. 2012. New or little known epiphyllous liverworts, XVI. a small collection from Laos. Acta Biologica Plantarum Agriensis 2: 5-10. Pà ³cs, T. 2013. The genus Colura (Lejeuneaceae) in New Guinea and in the neighboring areas. Chenia 11: 12-38. Pà ³cs, T. and Eggers, J. 2007. Bryophytes from the Fiji Island, II. an account of the genus Colura, with a description of C. vitiensis sp. nov. Polish Botanical Journal 52(2): 81-92. Pà ³cs, T. and Ninh, T. 2012. New or little known epiphyllous liverworts, XVII. records from the Cà ¡t Tià ªn National Park, Southern Vietnam. Acta Biologica Plantarum Agriensis 2: 11-19. Pà ³cs, T. and Ninh, T. Contribution to the Bryoflora of Vietnam, VI. on the liverwort flora of Vu Quang Nature Reserve. Acta Botanica Hungarica 47 (1-2): 151-171. Pà ³cs, T. and Streimann, H. 2006. Contributios to the Bryoflora of Australia, I. Tropical Bryology 27: 19-24. Pà ³cs, T., Luong, T.T. and Ho, B.C. 2013. New of little known epiphyllous liverworts, XVIII. records from the Bidoup-Nà ºi Bà   National Park, Vietnam, with the description of Drepanolejeunea bidoupensis, sp. nov. Cryptogamie, Bryologie 34 (3): 287-298. Pà ³cs, T., Sass-Gyarmati, A., Naikatini, A., Tuiwawa, M., Braggins, J., Pà ³cs, S. and von Konrat, M. 2011. New liverwort (Marchantiophyta) recods for the Fiji Islands. Telopea 13 (3): 455-494. Sà ¶derstrà ¶m, L., Gradstrin, S. and Hagborg, A. 2010. Checklist of the hornworts and liverworts of Java. Phytotaxa 9: 53-149. Sà ¶derstrà ¶m, L., Hagborg, A., Pà ³cs, T., Sass-Gyarmati, A. Brown, E., von Konrat, M. and Renner, M. 2011. Checklist of hornworts and liverworts of Fiji. Telopea 13 (3): 405-454. Thiers, B.M. 1987. A preliminary accout of Colura (Hepaticae, Lejeuneaceae) in Australia. Brittonia 39 (2): 175-179. Wigginton, M. 2009. Checklist and distribution of the liverworts and hornworts of sub-Saharan Africa, including the East African Islands. Tropical Bryology Research Reports 8: 1-116. Wigginton, M.J. 2001. British Bryological Society expedition to Mulanje Mountain, Malawi. 15. Lejeuneaceae, and the occurrence and frequency of foliicolous taxa. Tropical Bryology 20: 83-94. Zhu, R.L. 2006. New checklist of Chinese liverworts, hornworts, and takakiophytes. (PDF file). Bryological Laboratory, School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai.

Free Color Purple Essays: The Characters of The Color Purple :: Color Purple Essays

The Characters of The Color Purple  Ã‚   In The Color Purple, by Alice Walker, Celie, Nettie, and Mr.______ are developed gradually throughout the novel and their actions all seem to be intertwined and what happens to one of them effects one if not both of the other two. There is a strong relationship between Celie and Nettie not just because they are siblings but because Nettie is one out of two people Celie loves, and this doesn't exist between Celie and any other of her siblings. There are various things that bring these two even closer, one being the discovery that they both come from a different father which Celie discover from a letter from Nettie which reads "...and I pray with all my heart that you get this letter, if none of the others. Pa is not our Pa." (182) and the one they thought was there flesh and blood father was actually only their step father. This brings them closer for it is so important and they are each others direct relatives for both parents are dead and they do not have any other brothers or sisters. The second point is that they keep in contact when Nettie is traveling to and from Africa. This is more or less an escape for Celie for she does not really have anyone except for Shug that she loves so the letters are a way for Celie to keep not only with Nettie but also her two children that she has only seen for a for a couple of days in her entire life. So the main bond between Nettie and Celie is one of love, and they demonstrate this by constantly trying to stay in touch even though they don't know if the other is receiving the letters. The relationship between Mr. ______ and Nettie changes drastically from love to hate. Nettie first introduces Mr. ______ into the story as the man she is going to marry, Celie says to Nettie one day "I say marry him, Nettie." but when the marriage is disallowed because she is to young plus pa wants to keep her in school, but Mr. ______ is given Celie along with a cow so in the marriage to Celie Mr. ______ realises he'll never get Nettie but he still loves her but Nettie begins to go off him, for his marriage to her sister.

British Airways Mission Statement

|Week 5 Assignment: Vision Paper | |British Airways: | |Mission and Vision Statements and Strategy | | | |Aaron Tejares | |HR587 | | 1. Introduction Vision – it tells about what the company wanted to become about 5-20 years in the future. It is the master plan about where the company will be; a sense of direction. Often it reflects the dream of the founder or leader. It must be simple and understandable that everyone in the organization can feel excited on the vision. Mission- It tells about what the company is doing or the company’s passion.It is how the company will get to its vision. It is a  what  versus a  how, and is very similar to a vision statement in that it has a future orientation but in a short-term. Strategy – It is the step by step plan of the company on how to achieve the vision. It looks inside the organization and outward at the competition and at the environment and business climate. 2. Statements Organization British Airways  (BA) is the  flag carrier  airline of the United Kingdom, based in  Waterside, near its main  hub  at  London Heathrow Airport.British Airways is the largest airline in the UK based on fleet size, international flights and international destinations and second largest measured by passengers carried, behind easyJet. The British Airways Board was established in 1971 to control the two nationalized airline corporations,  BOAC  and  BEA, and two smaller, regional airlines, Cambrian, from  Cardiff, and  Northeast Airlines, from  Newcastle upon Tyne. On 31 March 1974, all four companies were merged to form British Airways. (Retrieved from http://en. wikipedia. rg/wiki/British_Airways) Mission: British Airways is aiming to set new industry standards in customer service and innovation, deliver the best financial performance and evolve from being an airline to a world travel business with the flexibility to stretch its brand in new business areas. Vision: Our corporate re sponsibility vision is to become the world’s most responsible airline, and we have developed guiding principles that describe what we are doing to achieve this goal. Strategy: FOCUSED ON OUTSTANDING CUSTOMER SERVICE Meeting the rising expectations of our customers’ remains central to our strategy of transforming British Airways into the world’s leading global premium airline. Our investment in our staff, our fleet and our facilities are all about making sure we provide the very best in customer service. We want all of our customers to enjoy a premium service at every point of their journey, whenever and wherever they travel with us. † Global: What we offer will appeal to customers across the globe. Wherever we operate, individuals and business travelers alike will want to fly with us whenever they can.Premium: We will make sure all our customers enjoy a unique premium service whenever and wherever they come into contact with us. Our customers will recogniz e that the service we offer is worth paying that little bit more for. Airline: We will remain focused on aviation – moving people and cargo is our core business. We will develop new products and services to complement this. 3. Statement Validation a. From a theoretical standpoint, thoroughly explain the value of these statements to an organization. Vision statement is what the company wanted to be. In everything they do, it should be based on its vision.Vision is acting as the light at the end of the tunnel. Vision is not only about growing the company but also its impact in its community. Because a company depends on the people working as well as the customers, it is effective if the vision will affect its employees and customers. Having an effective vision will have the employees something to look forward to, and be motivated to achieve it. Mission statement is a declaration of an organization’s core purpose. It also must be simple for everyone to memorize it. It is the thing that needs to be done in order to achieve the vision.Mission statement needs to be easy to remember and it needs to provide actual direction. Just like the vision, it should also reflect how it will benefit the community and its employees. b. How can the vision, mission, and strategy drive change in the organization? These statements bind the organization for direction and motivation. Any change in the organization will have to coordinate with its vision and mission. It might be to improve the organization and achieve the vision quickly. It might also be because the leadership has change or the entire mission and vision have changed. . How can the vision, mission and strategy statements put limits on the organization when it comes to change? Vision, mission and strategy are what the company wanted to be and how to achieve it. Sometimes, there are better way to do things but is not the way the organization should do things. It limits the organization to change. An organizat ion cannot just change because they wanted to, or they think it will benefit the company. They must think first if it is align with the statements and if not, neglect the change and think of something else.

Jihad Vs McWorld Essay

In nature, there are always at least two forces acting on each other. They either tend to be always in opposition to one another to ultimately destroy the other or to create a new force that is a mixture of elements coming from each of the present forces. In society, Benjamin Barber identified two forces or tendencies, given the political and economic trends at the time of his writing, which may come in to being and could pose a threat to democracy as we know it: tribalism and globalism. At the present time, â€Å"Jihad Vs. McWorld† offers a good retrospective view of things that had just recently occurred. Students of history are offered a good summary of how things were going at the end of the last century and how these could possibly come out, if it had not yet turned out to be so, today, and a possible means of securing democracy that can withstand the forces of McWorld and Jihad. As a political theorist, Barber offers some insights of the trends that were going on in the 1990s and as well as some factors that are inextricably linked to these trends. These trends, McWorld and Jihad, he described as both being undemocratic in its effects to the citizenry. In McWorld, he talks of the â€Å"four imperatives† that govern its dynamics. Market imperative, resource imperative, information-technology imperative and ecological imperative, according to Barber, make up the working guidelines that govern the dynamics of McWorld. Personally, it may seem a bit far-reaching to talk about these imperatives verging on generalities, but then again he is trying to clarify a concept that is in operation in a big world and that because of these imperatives such a big world in ever shrinking smaller with the passing of each day. In Jihad, he talks of the struggles of people based on ethnic, racial, cultural, and religious differences whose final aim is â€Å"to redraw boundaries†¦ [and] escape McWorld’s dully insistent imperatives. † At first reading, it may be quite surprising that these same reasons for which minorities struggle to be recognized within existing national boundaries are claimed to be the self-same reasons for which nations were born; nations composed of various groups of people with many differing aspects but with at least one common feature that became the focal point of their unification in the past after the break up of empires. This initial surprise can probably be overcome if one looks at the latter concept as a case of self-determination against a colonial master and the former as a case for self-identification. For both McWorld and Jihad, Barber paints grim pictures if in case one of the two takes the upper hand over the other and it really does not matter which wins in the end for both have undemocratic tendencies. McWorld is said to offer peace and prosperity and relative unity while Jihad brings forth a sense of community, kinship and solidarity. Seemingly, the offerings to the citizenry of McWorld and Jihad are mutually exclusive. One might not have a slice of McWorld and another slice of Jihad at the same time. McWorld hinges on interdependence while Jihad is based on exclusion. But Barber offer a middle ground for which the economic benefits of McWorld can be availed of while maintaining the exclusionist ideal of Jihad. He offers a representative confederal government as an ideal solution to address the excesses of both McWorld and Jihad; a form of â€Å"decentralized participatory democracy,† that has some elements of parochialism, communitarianism and participatory governance. Barber argues that, after all as a tree grows from the roots going upward, democracy starts from the bottom up and not from the top going down. This view I share with Barber. People compose nations and it is essential, I believe, that the ideal principles of self-determination and government be well laid out and understood by this self-same people so as to avoid the excesses of Jihad and McWorld or at least minimize them. The discussions of Barber in Jihad Vs. McWorld creates a dark picture that sometimes we could not easily accept that we could even dismiss it as a far-reaching generalization of the trends of the time that would eventually dissipate. But the beauty of this essay lies in the fact that it came at a time when the events that he was discussing were but recent and may have been witnessed first-hand by those among us right now. We could easily ascertain the accuracy and veracity of his claims from other resources or even from our own memories, if it is sufficient enough (i. . had we been born a few years before or within the years of the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Quebecois unrest, etc. ). Furthermore, the solution that he proposes is something that is not totally radical and would pose as a mild readjustment of the current system of have now. Students of history, both those studying it in the halls of learning and those studying it in the realm of wide world, can benefit greatly from this work by Barber. In exposing the excesses of McWorld and Jihad, he did not indulge in radical rhetoric and offered a middle ground solution that could take in the best of both worlds, so to speak. He leaves the reader the choice whether to adopt his proposal or at least gives room for others to expose a better one than his, after all this is the very essence of the democracy that he espouses. It may take time to reap the benefits of finding or adopting a middle-ground solution of Jihad and McWorld and could not be rushed. Moderation is the key and haste is an invisible wall. In the end, the tortoise has always won over the hare.